Rājasthān is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indusriver valley along its border with Pakistan. The region borders Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers an area of 132,150 sq mi or 342,269 km².
The state capital is Jaipur. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of theGhaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga, which are the oldest in the subcontinent discovered so far.
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